/*
 *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 *  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 *  distributed with this work for additional information
 *  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 *  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 *  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 *  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 *  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 *  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 *  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 *  specific language governing permissions and limitations
 *  under the License.
 *
 */
package org.apache.mina.proxy.handlers.http.ntlm;

import java.security.Key;
import java.security.MessageDigest;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

/**
 * NTLMResponses.java - Calculates the various Type 3 responses. Needs an MD4,
 * MD5 and DES crypto provider (Please note that default provider doesn't
 * provide MD4).
 * 
 * Copyright (c) 2003 Eric Glass Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute
 * this document for any purpose and without any fee is hereby granted, provided
 * that the above copyright notice and this list of conditions appear in all
 * copies.
 * 
 * @see <a href="http://curl.haxx.se/rfc/ntlm.html">NTLM RFC</a>
 * 
 * @author <a href="http://mina.apache.org">Apache MINA Project</a>
 * @since MINA 2.0.0-M3
 */
public class NTLMResponses {
    /** LAN Manager magic constant used in LM Response calculation */
    public static final byte[] LM_HASH_MAGIC_CONSTANT =
            new byte[]{ 'K', 'G', 'S', '!', '@', '#', '$', '%' };

    private NTLMResponses() {
    }
    
    /**
     * Calculates the LM Response for the given challenge, using the specified
     * password.
     *
     * @param password The user's password.
     * @param challenge The Type 2 challenge from the server.
     *
     * @return The LM Response.
     * @throws Exception If something went wrong
     */
    public static byte[] getLMResponse(String password, byte[] challenge) throws Exception {
        byte[] lmHash = lmHash(password);
        
        return lmResponse(lmHash, challenge);
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the NTLM Response for the given challenge, using the
     * specified password.
     *
     * @param password The user's password.
     * @param challenge The Type 2 challenge from the server.
     *
     * @return The NTLM Response.
     * @throws Exception If something went wrong
     */
    public static byte[] getNTLMResponse(String password, byte[] challenge) throws Exception {
        byte[] ntlmHash = ntlmHash(password);
        
        return lmResponse(ntlmHash, challenge);
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the NTLMv2 Response for the given challenge, using the
     * specified authentication target, username, password, target information
     * block, and client nonce.
     *
     * @param target The authentication target (i.e., domain).
     * @param user The username.
     * @param password The user's password.
     * @param targetInformation The target information block from the Type 2
     * message.
     * @param challenge The Type 2 challenge from the server.
     * @param clientNonce The random 8-byte client nonce.
     *
     * @return The NTLMv2 Response.
     * @throws Exception If something went wrong
     */
    public static byte[] getNTLMv2Response(String target, String user, String password, byte[] targetInformation,
            byte[] challenge, byte[] clientNonce) throws Exception {

        return getNTLMv2Response(target, user, password, targetInformation, challenge, clientNonce,
                System.currentTimeMillis());
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the NTLMv2 Response for the given challenge, using the
     * specified authentication target, username, password, target information
     * block, and client nonce.
     *
     * @param target The authentication target (i.e., domain).
     * @param user The username.
     * @param password The user's password.
     * @param targetInformation The target information block from the Type 2
     * message.
     * @param challenge The Type 2 challenge from the server.
     * @param clientNonce The random 8-byte client nonce.
     * @param time The time stamp.
     *
     * @return The NTLMv2 Response.
     * @throws Exception If something went wrong
     */
    public static byte[] getNTLMv2Response(String target, String user, String password, byte[] targetInformation,
            byte[] challenge, byte[] clientNonce, long time) throws Exception {
        byte[] ntlmv2Hash = ntlmv2Hash(target, user, password);
        byte[] blob = createBlob(targetInformation, clientNonce, time);
        
        return lmv2Response(ntlmv2Hash, blob, challenge);
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the LMv2 Response for the given challenge, using the
     * specified authentication target, username, password, and client
     * challenge.
     *
     * @param target The authentication target (i.e., domain).
     * @param user The username.
     * @param password The user's password.
     * @param challenge The Type 2 challenge from the server.
     * @param clientNonce The random 8-byte client nonce.
     *
     * @return The LMv2 Response.
     * @throws Exception If something went wrong
     */
    public static byte[] getLMv2Response(String target, String user, String password, byte[] challenge,
            byte[] clientNonce) throws Exception {
        byte[] ntlmv2Hash = ntlmv2Hash(target, user, password);
        return lmv2Response(ntlmv2Hash, clientNonce, challenge);
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the NTLM2 Session Response for the given challenge, using the
     * specified password and client nonce.
     *
     * @param password The user's password.
     * @param challenge The Type 2 challenge from the server.
     * @param clientNonce The random 8-byte client nonce.
     *
     * @return The NTLM2 Session Response.  This is placed in the NTLM
     * response field of the Type 3 message; the LM response field contains
     * the client nonce, null-padded to 24 bytes.
     * @throws Exception If something went wrong
     */
    public static byte[] getNTLM2SessionResponse(String password, byte[] challenge, byte[] clientNonce)
            throws Exception {
        byte[] ntlmHash = ntlmHash(password);
        MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
        md5.update(challenge);
        md5.update(clientNonce);
        byte[] sessionHash = new byte[8];
        System.arraycopy(md5.digest(), 0, sessionHash, 0, 8);
        return lmResponse(ntlmHash, sessionHash);
    }

    /**
     * Creates the LM Hash of the user's password.
     *
     * @param password The password.
     *
     * @return The LM Hash of the given password, used in the calculation
     * of the LM Response.
     */
    private static byte[] lmHash(String password) throws Exception {
        byte[] oemPassword = password.toUpperCase().getBytes("US-ASCII");
        int length = Math.min(oemPassword.length, 14);
        byte[] keyBytes = new byte[14];
        System.arraycopy(oemPassword, 0, keyBytes, 0, length);
        Key lowKey = createDESKey(keyBytes, 0);
        Key highKey = createDESKey(keyBytes, 7);
        Cipher des = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/NoPadding");
        des.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, lowKey);
        byte[] lowHash = des.doFinal(LM_HASH_MAGIC_CONSTANT);
        des.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, highKey);
        byte[] highHash = des.doFinal(LM_HASH_MAGIC_CONSTANT);
        byte[] lmHash = new byte[16];
        System.arraycopy(lowHash, 0, lmHash, 0, 8);
        System.arraycopy(highHash, 0, lmHash, 8, 8);
        
        return lmHash;
    }

    /**
     * Creates the NTLM Hash of the user's password.
     *
     * @param password The password.
     *
     * @return The NTLM Hash of the given password, used in the calculation
     * of the NTLM Response and the NTLMv2 and LMv2 Hashes.
     */
    private static byte[] ntlmHash(String password) throws Exception {
        byte[] unicodePassword = password.getBytes("UnicodeLittleUnmarked");
        MessageDigest md4 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD4");
        
        return md4.digest(unicodePassword);
    }

    /**
     * Creates the NTLMv2 Hash of the user's password.
     *
     * @param target The authentication target (i.e., domain).
     * @param user The username.
     * @param password The password.
     *
     * @return The NTLMv2 Hash, used in the calculation of the NTLMv2
     * and LMv2 Responses.
     */
    private static byte[] ntlmv2Hash(String target, String user, String password) throws Exception {
        byte[] ntlmHash = ntlmHash(password);
        String identity = user.toUpperCase() + target;
        
        return hmacMD5(identity.getBytes("UnicodeLittleUnmarked"), ntlmHash);
    }

    /**
     * Creates the LM Response from the given hash and Type 2 challenge.
     *
     * @param hash The LM or NTLM Hash.
     * @param challenge The server challenge from the Type 2 message.
     *
     * @return The response (either LM or NTLM, depending on the provided
     * hash).
     */
    private static byte[] lmResponse(byte[] hash, byte[] challenge) throws Exception {
        byte[] keyBytes = new byte[21];
        System.arraycopy(hash, 0, keyBytes, 0, 16);
        Key lowKey = createDESKey(keyBytes, 0);
        Key middleKey = createDESKey(keyBytes, 7);
        Key highKey = createDESKey(keyBytes, 14);
        Cipher des = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/NoPadding");
        des.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, lowKey);
        byte[] lowResponse = des.doFinal(challenge);
        des.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, middleKey);
        byte[] middleResponse = des.doFinal(challenge);
        des.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, highKey);
        byte[] highResponse = des.doFinal(challenge);
        byte[] lmResponse = new byte[24];
        System.arraycopy(lowResponse, 0, lmResponse, 0, 8);
        System.arraycopy(middleResponse, 0, lmResponse, 8, 8);
        System.arraycopy(highResponse, 0, lmResponse, 16, 8);
        
        return lmResponse;
    }

    /**
     * Creates the LMv2 Response from the given hash, client data, and
     * Type 2 challenge.
     *
     * @param hash The NTLMv2 Hash.
     * @param clientData The client data (blob or client nonce).
     * @param challenge The server challenge from the Type 2 message.
     *
     * @return The response (either NTLMv2 or LMv2, depending on the
     * client data).
     */
    private static byte[] lmv2Response(byte[] hash, byte[] clientData, byte[] challenge) throws Exception {
        byte[] data = new byte[challenge.length + clientData.length];
        System.arraycopy(challenge, 0, data, 0, challenge.length);
        System.arraycopy(clientData, 0, data, challenge.length, clientData.length);
        byte[] mac = hmacMD5(data, hash);
        byte[] lmv2Response = new byte[mac.length + clientData.length];
        System.arraycopy(mac, 0, lmv2Response, 0, mac.length);
        System.arraycopy(clientData, 0, lmv2Response, mac.length, clientData.length);
        
        return lmv2Response;
    }

    /**
     * Creates the NTLMv2 blob from the given target information block and
     * client nonce.
     *
     * @param targetInformation The target information block from the Type 2
     * message.
     * @param clientNonce The random 8-byte client nonce.
     * @param time the time stamp.
     *
     * @return The blob, used in the calculation of the NTLMv2 Response.
     */
    private static byte[] createBlob(byte[] targetInformation, byte[] clientNonce, long time) {
        byte[] blobSignature = new byte[] { (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00 };
        byte[] reserved = new byte[] { (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00 };
        byte[] unknown1 = new byte[] { (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00 };
        byte[] unknown2 = new byte[] { (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00 };
        time += 11644473600000l; // milliseconds from January 1, 1601 -> epoch.
        time *= 10000; // tenths of a microsecond.
        // convert to little-endian byte array.
        byte[] timestamp = new byte[8];
        
        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
            timestamp[i] = (byte) time;
            time >>>= 8;
        }
        
        byte[] blob = new byte[blobSignature.length + reserved.length + timestamp.length + clientNonce.length
                               + unknown1.length + targetInformation.length + unknown2.length];
        int offset = 0;
        System.arraycopy(blobSignature, 0, blob, offset, blobSignature.length);
        offset += blobSignature.length;
        System.arraycopy(reserved, 0, blob, offset, reserved.length);
        offset += reserved.length;
        System.arraycopy(timestamp, 0, blob, offset, timestamp.length);
        offset += timestamp.length;
        System.arraycopy(clientNonce, 0, blob, offset, clientNonce.length);
        offset += clientNonce.length;
        System.arraycopy(unknown1, 0, blob, offset, unknown1.length);
        offset += unknown1.length;
        System.arraycopy(targetInformation, 0, blob, offset, targetInformation.length);
        offset += targetInformation.length;
        System.arraycopy(unknown2, 0, blob, offset, unknown2.length);
        
        return blob;
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the HMAC-MD5 hash of the given data using the specified
     * hashing key.
     *
     * @param data The data for which the hash will be calculated.
     * @param key The hashing key.
     *
     * @return The HMAC-MD5 hash of the given data.
     * @throws Exception If something went wrong
     */
    public static byte[] hmacMD5(byte[] data, byte[] key) throws Exception {
        byte[] ipad = new byte[64];
        byte[] opad = new byte[64];

        // Stores key in pads and XOR it with ipad and opad values
        for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
            if (i < key.length) {
                ipad[i] = (byte) (key[i] ^ 0x36);
                opad[i] = (byte) (key[i] ^ 0x5c);
            } else {
                ipad[i] = 0x36;
                opad[i] = 0x5c;
            }
        }

        byte[] content = new byte[data.length + 64];
        System.arraycopy(ipad, 0, content, 0, 64);
        System.arraycopy(data, 0, content, 64, data.length);
        MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
        byte[] digestedData = md5.digest(content);
        content = new byte[digestedData.length + 64];
        System.arraycopy(opad, 0, content, 0, 64);
        System.arraycopy(digestedData, 0, content, 64, digestedData.length);
        
        return md5.digest(content);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a DES encryption key from the given key material.
     *
     * @param bytes A byte array containing the DES key material.
     * @param offset The offset in the given byte array at which
     * the 7-byte key material starts.
     *
     * @return A DES encryption key created from the key material
     * starting at the specified offset in the given byte array.
     */
    private static Key createDESKey(byte[] bytes, int offset) {
        byte[] keyBytes = new byte[7];
        System.arraycopy(bytes, offset, keyBytes, 0, 7);
        byte[] material = new byte[8];
        material[0] = keyBytes[0];
        material[1] = (byte) (keyBytes[0] << 7 | (keyBytes[1] & 0xff) >>> 1);
        material[2] = (byte) (keyBytes[1] << 6 | (keyBytes[2] & 0xff) >>> 2);
        material[3] = (byte) (keyBytes[2] << 5 | (keyBytes[3] & 0xff) >>> 3);
        material[4] = (byte) (keyBytes[3] << 4 | (keyBytes[4] & 0xff) >>> 4);
        material[5] = (byte) (keyBytes[4] << 3 | (keyBytes[5] & 0xff) >>> 5);
        material[6] = (byte) (keyBytes[5] << 2 | (keyBytes[6] & 0xff) >>> 6);
        material[7] = (byte) (keyBytes[6] << 1);
        oddParity(material);
        
        return new SecretKeySpec(material, "DES");
    }

    /**
     * Applies odd parity to the given byte array.
     *
     * @param bytes The data whose parity bits are to be adjusted for
     * odd parity.
     */
    private static void oddParity(byte[] bytes) {
        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
            byte b = bytes[i];
            boolean needsParity = (((b >>> 7) ^ (b >>> 6) ^ (b >>> 5) ^ (b >>> 4) ^ (b >>> 3) ^ (b >>> 2) ^ (b >>> 1)) & 0x01) == 0;
            
            if (needsParity) {
                bytes[i] |= (byte) 0x01;
            } else {
                bytes[i] &= (byte) 0xfe;
            }
        }
    }
}