/*
 *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 *  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 *  distributed with this work for additional information
 *  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 *  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 *  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 *  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 *  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 *  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 *  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 *  specific language governing permissions and limitations
 *  under the License.
 *
 */
package org.apache.mina.core.future;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.apache.mina.core.polling.AbstractPollingIoProcessor;
import org.apache.mina.core.service.IoProcessor;
import org.apache.mina.core.session.IoSession;
import org.apache.mina.util.ExceptionMonitor;

/**
 * A default implementation of {@link IoFuture} associated with
 * an {@link IoSession}.
 * 
 * @author <a href="http://mina.apache.org">Apache MINA Project</a>
 */
public class DefaultIoFuture implements IoFuture {

    /** A number of milliseconds to wait between two deadlock controls ( 5 seconds ) */
    private static final long DEAD_LOCK_CHECK_INTERVAL = 5000L;

    /** The associated session */
    private final IoSession session;

    /** A lock used by the wait() method */
    private final Object lock;

    /** The first listener. This is easier to have this variable
     * when we most of the time have one single listener */
    private IoFutureListener<?> firstListener;

    /** All the other listeners, in case we have more than one */
    private List<IoFutureListener<?>> otherListeners;

    private Object result;

    /** The flag used to determinate if the Future is completed or not */
    private boolean ready;

    /** A counter for the number of threads waiting on this future */
    private int waiters;

    /**
     * Creates a new instance associated with an {@link IoSession}.
     *
     * @param session an {@link IoSession} which is associated with this future
     */
    public DefaultIoFuture(IoSession session) {
        this.session = session;
        this.lock = this;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public IoSession getSession() {
        return session;
    }

    /**
     * @deprecated Replaced with {@link #awaitUninterruptibly()}.
     */
    @Override
    @Deprecated
    public void join() {
        awaitUninterruptibly();
    }

    /**
     * @deprecated Replaced with {@link #awaitUninterruptibly(long)}.
     */
    @Override
    @Deprecated
    public boolean join(long timeoutMillis) {
        return awaitUninterruptibly(timeoutMillis);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public IoFuture await() throws InterruptedException {
        synchronized (lock) {
            while (!ready) {
                waiters++;
                
                try {
                    // Wait for a notify, or if no notify is called,
                    // assume that we have a deadlock and exit the
                    // loop to check for a potential deadlock.
                    lock.wait(DEAD_LOCK_CHECK_INTERVAL);
                } finally {
                    waiters--;
                    
                    if (!ready) {
                        checkDeadLock();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public boolean await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
        return await0(unit.toMillis(timeout), true);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public boolean await(long timeoutMillis) throws InterruptedException {
        return await0(timeoutMillis, true);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public IoFuture awaitUninterruptibly() {
        try {
            await0(Long.MAX_VALUE, false);
        } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
            // Do nothing : this catch is just mandatory by contract
        }

        return this;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public boolean awaitUninterruptibly(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) {
        try {
            return await0(unit.toMillis(timeout), false);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new InternalError();
        }
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public boolean awaitUninterruptibly(long timeoutMillis) {
        try {
            return await0(timeoutMillis, false);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new InternalError();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Wait for the Future to be ready. If the requested delay is 0 or
     * negative, this method immediately returns the value of the
     * 'ready' flag.
     * Every 5 second, the wait will be suspended to be able to check if
     * there is a deadlock or not.
     * 
     * @param timeoutMillis The delay we will wait for the Future to be ready
     * @param interruptable Tells if the wait can be interrupted or not
     * @return {@code true} if the Future is ready
     * @throws InterruptedException If the thread has been interrupted
     * when it's not allowed.
     */
    private boolean await0(long timeoutMillis, boolean interruptable) throws InterruptedException {
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + timeoutMillis;

        if (endTime < 0) {
            endTime = Long.MAX_VALUE;
        }

        synchronized (lock) {
            // We can quit if the ready flag is set to true, or if
            // the timeout is set to 0 or below : we don't wait in this case.
            if (ready||(timeoutMillis <= 0)) {
                return ready;
            }

            // The operation is not completed : we have to wait
            waiters++;

            try {
                for (;;) {
                    try {
                        long timeOut = Math.min(timeoutMillis, DEAD_LOCK_CHECK_INTERVAL);
                        
                        // Wait for the requested period of time,
                        // but every DEAD_LOCK_CHECK_INTERVAL seconds, we will
                        // check that we aren't blocked.
                        lock.wait(timeOut);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        if (interruptable) {
                            throw e;
                        }
                    }

                    if (ready || (endTime < System.currentTimeMillis())) {
                        return ready;
                    } else {
                        // Take a chance, detect a potential deadlock
                        checkDeadLock();
                    }
                }
            } finally {
                // We get here for 3 possible reasons :
                // 1) We have been notified (the operation has completed a way or another)
                // 2) We have reached the timeout
                // 3) The thread has been interrupted
                // In any case, we decrement the number of waiters, and we get out.
                waiters--;
                
                if (!ready) {
                    checkDeadLock();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check for a deadlock, ie look into the stack trace that we don't have already an 
     * instance of the caller.
     */
    private void checkDeadLock() {
        // Only read / write / connect / write future can cause dead lock.
        if (!(this instanceof CloseFuture || this instanceof WriteFuture || this instanceof ReadFuture || this instanceof ConnectFuture)) {
            return;
        }

        // Get the current thread stackTrace.
        // Using Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace() is the best solution,
        // even if slightly less efficient than doing a new Exception().getStackTrace(),
        // as internally, it does exactly the same thing. The advantage of using
        // this solution is that we may benefit some improvement with some
        // future versions of Java.
        StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();

        // Simple and quick check.
        for (StackTraceElement stackElement : stackTrace) {
            if (AbstractPollingIoProcessor.class.getName().equals(stackElement.getClassName())) {
                IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException("t");
                e.getStackTrace();
                throw new IllegalStateException("DEAD LOCK: " + IoFuture.class.getSimpleName()
                        + ".await() was invoked from an I/O processor thread.  " + "Please use "
                        + IoFutureListener.class.getSimpleName() + " or configure a proper thread model alternatively.");
            }
        }

        // And then more precisely.
        for (StackTraceElement s : stackTrace) {
            try {
                Class<?> cls = DefaultIoFuture.class.getClassLoader().loadClass(s.getClassName());
                
                if (IoProcessor.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("DEAD LOCK: " + IoFuture.class.getSimpleName()
                            + ".await() was invoked from an I/O processor thread.  " + "Please use "
                            + IoFutureListener.class.getSimpleName()
                            + " or configure a proper thread model alternatively.");
                }
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
                // Ignore
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isDone() {
        synchronized (lock) {
            return ready;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets the result of the asynchronous operation, and mark it as finished.
     * 
     * @param newValue The result to store into the Future
     * @return {@code true} if the value has been set, {@code false} if
     * the future already has a value (thus is in ready state)
     */
    public boolean setValue(Object newValue) {
        synchronized (lock) {
            // Allowed only once.
            if (ready) {
                return false;
            }

            result = newValue;
            ready = true;
            
            // Now, if we have waiters, notify them that the operation has completed
            if (waiters > 0) {
                lock.notifyAll();
            }
        }

        // Last, not least, inform the listeners
        notifyListeners();
        
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @return the result of the asynchronous operation.
     */
    protected Object getValue() {
        synchronized (lock) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public IoFuture addListener(IoFutureListener<?> listener) {
        if (listener == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("listener");
        }

        synchronized (lock) {
            if (ready) {
                // Shortcut : if the operation has completed, no need to 
                // add a new listener, we just have to notify it. The existing
                // listeners have already been notified anyway, when the 
                // 'ready' flag has been set.
                notifyListener(listener);
            } else {
                if (firstListener == null) {
                    firstListener = listener;
                } else {
                    if (otherListeners == null) {
                        otherListeners = new ArrayList<>(1);
                    }
                    
                    otherListeners.add(listener);
                }
            }
        }
        
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public IoFuture removeListener(IoFutureListener<?> listener) {
        if (listener == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("listener");
        }

        synchronized (lock) {
            if (!ready) {
                if (listener == firstListener) {
                    if ((otherListeners != null) && !otherListeners.isEmpty()) {
                        firstListener = otherListeners.remove(0);
                    } else {
                        firstListener = null;
                    }
                } else if (otherListeners != null) {
                    otherListeners.remove(listener);
                }
            }
        }

        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Notify the listeners, if we have some.
     */
    private void notifyListeners() {
        // There won't be any visibility problem or concurrent modification
        // because 'ready' flag will be checked against both addListener and
        // removeListener calls.
        if (firstListener != null) {
            notifyListener(firstListener);
            firstListener = null;

            if (otherListeners != null) {
                for (IoFutureListener<?> listener : otherListeners) {
                    notifyListener(listener);
                }
                
                otherListeners = null;
            }
        }
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private void notifyListener(IoFutureListener listener) {
        try {
            listener.operationComplete(this);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            ExceptionMonitor.getInstance().exceptionCaught(e);
        }
    }
}
