/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.activemq.artemis.tests.integration.mqtt;

import static org.apache.activemq.artemis.utils.collections.IterableStream.iterableOf;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;

import javax.jms.BytesMessage;
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
import javax.jms.Session;
import java.io.EOFException;
import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
import java.net.ProtocolException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.JsonUtil;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.QueueConfiguration;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.RoutingType;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.SimpleString;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.client.ActiveMQClient;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.config.Configuration;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.config.CoreAddressConfiguration;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.management.impl.view.ProducerField;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.postoffice.Binding;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.postoffice.QueueBinding;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.protocol.mqtt.MQTTUtil;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.server.ActiveMQServer;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.server.Queue;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.server.impl.AddressInfo;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.settings.impl.AddressSettings;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.json.JsonArray;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.json.JsonObject;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.logs.AssertionLoggerHandler;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.tests.util.Wait;
import org.apache.activemq.transport.amqp.client.AmqpClient;
import org.apache.activemq.transport.amqp.client.AmqpConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.transport.amqp.client.AmqpMessage;
import org.apache.activemq.transport.amqp.client.AmqpSender;
import org.apache.activemq.transport.amqp.client.AmqpSession;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttClient;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttMessage;
import org.fusesource.mqtt.client.BlockingConnection;
import org.fusesource.mqtt.client.MQTT;
import org.fusesource.mqtt.client.Message;
import org.fusesource.mqtt.client.QoS;
import org.fusesource.mqtt.client.Topic;
import org.fusesource.mqtt.client.Tracer;
import org.fusesource.mqtt.codec.MQTTFrame;
import org.fusesource.mqtt.codec.PUBLISH;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Timeout;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * MQTT Test imported from ActiveMQ MQTT component.
 */
public class MQTTTest extends MQTTTestSupport {

   private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MethodHandles.lookup().lookupClass());

   private static final String AMQP_URI = "tcp://localhost:61616";


   @Override
   public void configureBroker() throws Exception {
      super.configureBroker();
      server.getConfiguration().setAddressQueueScanPeriod(100);
      server.getConfiguration().setMessageExpiryScanPeriod(100);
   }

   @Test
   public void testConnectWithLargePassword() throws Exception {
      for (String version : Arrays.asList("3.1", "3.1.1")) {
         String longString = new String(new char[65535]);

         BlockingConnection connection = null;
         try {
            MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection("test-" + version, true);
            mqtt.setUserName(longString);
            mqtt.setPassword(longString);
            mqtt.setConnectAttemptsMax(1);
            mqtt.setVersion(version);
            connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
            connection.connect();
            BlockingConnection finalConnection = connection;
            assertTrue(Wait.waitFor(() -> finalConnection.isConnected(), 5000, 100), "Should be connected");
         } finally {
            if (connection != null && connection.isConnected()) connection.disconnect();
         }
      }
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testSendAndReceiveMQTT() throws Exception {
      testSendAndReceiveMQTT("");
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testSendAndReceiveMQTTHugePayload() throws Exception {
      StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
      builder.append("/");
      while (builder.length() < 110 * 1024) {
         builder.append("huge payload huge payload huge payload huge payload ");
      }
      testSendAndReceiveMQTT(builder.toString());
   }

   public void testSendAndReceiveMQTT(String extraPayload) throws Exception {
      final MQTTClientProvider subscriptionProvider = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(subscriptionProvider);

      subscriptionProvider.subscribe("foo/bah", AT_MOST_ONCE);

      final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(NUM_MESSAGES);

      Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
         for (int i = 0; i < NUM_MESSAGES; i++) {
            try {
               byte[] payload = subscriptionProvider.receive(10000);
               assertNotNull(payload, "Should get a message");
               latch.countDown();
            } catch (Exception e) {
               e.printStackTrace();
               break;
            }

         }
      });
      thread.start();

      final MQTTClientProvider publishProvider = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(publishProvider);

      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_MESSAGES; i++) {
         String payload = "Message " + i + extraPayload;
         publishProvider.publish("foo/bah", payload.getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE);
      }

      latch.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
      assertEquals(0, latch.getCount());
      subscriptionProvider.disconnect();
      publishProvider.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   public void testProducerMetrics() throws Exception {

      final MQTTClientProvider publishProvider = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(publishProvider);

      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_MESSAGES; i++) {
         String payload = "Message " + i;
         publishProvider.publish("foo/bah", payload.getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE);
      }

      String filterString = createJsonFilter("", "", "");
      String producersAsJsonString = server.getActiveMQServerControl().listProducers(filterString, 1, 50);
      JsonObject producersAsJsonObject = JsonUtil.readJsonObject(producersAsJsonString);
      JsonArray array = (JsonArray) producersAsJsonObject.get("data");

      assertEquals(1, array.size(), "number of producers returned from query");

      JsonObject producer = array.getJsonObject(0);

      assertNotEquals("", producer.getString(ProducerField.ID.getName()), ProducerField.ID.getName());
      assertNotEquals("", producer.getString(ProducerField.SESSION.getName()), ProducerField.SESSION.getName());
      assertNotEquals("", producer.getString(ProducerField.CLIENT_ID.getName()), ProducerField.CLIENT_ID.getName());
      assertEquals("", producer.getString(ProducerField.USER.getName()), ProducerField.USER.getName());
      assertEquals("MQTT", producer.getString(ProducerField.PROTOCOL.getName()), ProducerField.PROTOCOL.getAlternativeName());
      assertEquals("ANONYMOUS", producer.getString(ProducerField.ADDRESS.getName()), ProducerField.ADDRESS.getName());
      assertNotEquals("", producer.getString(ProducerField.LOCAL_ADDRESS.getName()), ProducerField.LOCAL_ADDRESS.getName());
      assertNotEquals("", producer.getString(ProducerField.REMOTE_ADDRESS.getName()), ProducerField.REMOTE_ADDRESS.getName());
      assertNotEquals("", producer.getString(ProducerField.CREATION_TIME.getName()), ProducerField.CREATION_TIME.getName());
      assertEquals(NUM_MESSAGES, producer.getInt(ProducerField.MESSAGE_SENT.getName()), ProducerField.MESSAGE_SENT.getName());
      assertEquals("", producer.getString(ProducerField.LAST_PRODUCED_MESSAGE_ID.getName()), ProducerField.LAST_PRODUCED_MESSAGE_ID.getName());

      final MQTTClientProvider publishProvider2 = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(publishProvider2);
      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_MESSAGES; i++) {
         String payload = "Message " + i;
         publishProvider2.publish("foo/bah", payload.getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE);
      }
      filterString = createJsonFilter("", "", "");
      producersAsJsonString = server.getActiveMQServerControl().listProducers(filterString, 1, 50);
      producersAsJsonObject = JsonUtil.readJsonObject(producersAsJsonString);
      array = (JsonArray) producersAsJsonObject.get("data");

      assertEquals(2, array.size(), "number of producers returned from query");
      publishProvider.disconnect();


      publishProvider2.disconnect();

      filterString = createJsonFilter("", "", "");
      producersAsJsonString = server.getActiveMQServerControl().listProducers(filterString, 1, 50);
      producersAsJsonObject = JsonUtil.readJsonObject(producersAsJsonString);
      array = (JsonArray) producersAsJsonObject.get("data");

      assertEquals(0, array.size(), "number of producers returned from query");
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testDirectDeliverFalse() throws Exception {
      final MQTTClientProvider subscriptionProvider = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(subscriptionProvider);

      subscriptionProvider.subscribe("foo/bah", AT_MOST_ONCE);


      for (Binding b : iterableOf(server.getPostOffice().getAllBindings().filter(QueueBinding.class::isInstance))) {
         assertFalse(((QueueBinding)b).getQueue().isDirectDeliver(), "Queue " + ((QueueBinding) b).getQueue().getName());
      }

      subscriptionProvider.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testUnsubscribeMQTT() throws Exception {
      final MQTTClientProvider subscriptionProvider = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(subscriptionProvider);

      String topic = "foo/bah";

      subscriptionProvider.subscribe(topic, AT_MOST_ONCE);

      final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(NUM_MESSAGES / 2);

      Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
         for (int i = 0; i < NUM_MESSAGES; i++) {
            try {
               byte[] payload = subscriptionProvider.receive(10000);
               assertNotNull(payload, "Should get a message");
               latch.countDown();
            } catch (Exception e) {
               e.printStackTrace();
               break;
            }

         }
      });
      thread.start();

      final MQTTClientProvider publishProvider = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(publishProvider);

      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_MESSAGES; i++) {
         String payload = "Message " + i;
         if (i == NUM_MESSAGES / 2) {
            subscriptionProvider.unsubscribe(topic);
         }
         publishProvider.publish(topic, payload.getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE);
      }

      latch.await(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
      assertEquals(0, latch.getCount());
      subscriptionProvider.disconnect();
      publishProvider.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testSendAtMostOnceReceiveExactlyOnce() throws Exception {
      /**
       * Although subscribing with EXACTLY ONCE, the message gets published
       * with AT_MOST_ONCE - in MQTT the QoS is always determined by the
       * message as published - not the wish of the subscriber
       */
      final MQTTClientProvider provider = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(provider);
      provider.subscribe("foo", EXACTLY_ONCE);
      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_MESSAGES; i++) {
         String payload = "Test Message: " + i;
         provider.publish("foo", payload.getBytes(), AT_MOST_ONCE);
         byte[] message = provider.receive(5000);
         assertNotNull(message, "Should get a message");
         assertEquals(payload, new String(message));
      }
      provider.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(120)
   public void testManagementQueueMessagesAreAckd() throws Exception {
      String clientId = "test.client.id";
      final MQTTClientProvider provider = getMQTTClientProvider();
      provider.setClientId(clientId);
      initializeConnection(provider);
      provider.subscribe("foo", EXACTLY_ONCE);
      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_MESSAGES; i++) {
         String payload = "Test Message: " + i;
         provider.publish("foo", payload.getBytes(), EXACTLY_ONCE);
         byte[] message = provider.receive(5000);
         assertNotNull(message, "Should get a message");
         assertEquals(payload, new String(message));
      }

      final Queue queue = server.locateQueue(SimpleString.of(MQTTUtil.MANAGEMENT_QUEUE_PREFIX + clientId));

      Wait.waitFor(() -> queue.getMessageCount() == 0, 1000, 100);

      assertEquals(0, queue.getMessageCount());
      provider.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(120)
   public void testSendAtLeastOnceReceiveExactlyOnce() throws Exception {
      final MQTTClientProvider provider = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(provider);
      provider.subscribe("foo", EXACTLY_ONCE);
      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_MESSAGES; i++) {
         String payload = "Test Message: " + i;
         provider.publish("foo", payload.getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE);
         byte[] message = provider.receive(5000);
         assertNotNull(message, "Should get a message");
         assertEquals(payload, new String(message));
      }
      provider.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(120)
   public void testSendAtLeastOnceReceiveAtMostOnce() throws Exception {
      final MQTTClientProvider provider = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(provider);
      provider.subscribe("foo", AT_MOST_ONCE);
      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_MESSAGES; i++) {
         String payload = "Test Message: " + i;
         provider.publish("foo", payload.getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE);
         byte[] message = provider.receive(5000);
         assertNotNull(message, "Should get a message");
         assertEquals(payload, new String(message));
      }
      provider.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testSendAndReceiveAtMostOnce() throws Exception {
      final MQTTClientProvider provider = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(provider);
      provider.subscribe("foo", AT_MOST_ONCE);
      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_MESSAGES; i++) {
         String payload = "Test Message: " + i;
         provider.publish("foo", payload.getBytes(), AT_MOST_ONCE);
         byte[] message = provider.receive(5000);
         assertNotNull(message, "Should get a message");
         assertEquals(payload, new String(message));
      }
      provider.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(120)
   public void testSendAndReceiveAtLeastOnce() throws Exception {
      final MQTTClientProvider provider = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(provider);
      provider.subscribe("foo", AT_LEAST_ONCE);
      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_MESSAGES; i++) {
         String payload = "Test Message: " + i;
         provider.publish("foo", payload.getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE);
         byte[] message = provider.receive(5000);
         assertNotNull(message, "Should get a message");
         assertEquals(payload, new String(message));
      }
      provider.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testSendAndReceiveExactlyOnceWithInterceptors() throws Exception {
      MQTTIncomingInterceptor.clear();
      MQTTOutoingInterceptor.clear();
      final MQTTClientProvider publisher = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(publisher);

      final MQTTClientProvider subscriber = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(subscriber);

      subscriber.subscribe("foo", EXACTLY_ONCE);
      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_MESSAGES; i++) {
         String payload = "Test Message: " + i;
         publisher.publish("foo", payload.getBytes(), EXACTLY_ONCE);
         byte[] message = subscriber.receive(5000);
         assertNotNull(message, "Should get a message + [" + i + "]");
         assertEquals(payload, new String(message));
      }
      subscriber.disconnect();
      publisher.disconnect();
      assertEquals(NUM_MESSAGES, MQTTIncomingInterceptor.getMessageCount());
      assertEquals(NUM_MESSAGES, MQTTOutoingInterceptor.getMessageCount());
   }

   @Disabled
   @Test
   @Timeout(600)
   public void testSendMoreThanUniqueId() throws Exception {
      int messages = MQTTUtil.TWO_BYTE_INT_MAX;

      final MQTTClientProvider publisher = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(publisher);

      final MQTTClientProvider subscriber = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(subscriber);

      int count = 0;
      subscriber.subscribe("foo", EXACTLY_ONCE);
      for (int i = 0; i < messages; i++) {
         String payload = "Test Message: " + i;
         publisher.publish("foo", payload.getBytes(), EXACTLY_ONCE);
         byte[] message = subscriber.receive(5000);
         assertNotNull(message, "Should get a message + [" + i + "]");
         assertEquals(payload, new String(message));
         count++;
      }

      assertEquals(messages, count);
      subscriber.disconnect();
      publisher.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(180)
   public void testNoMessageIdReuseBeforeAcknowledgment() throws Exception {
      final int messages = MQTTUtil.TWO_BYTE_INT_MAX;

      final MQTTClientProvider publisher = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(publisher);

      final MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId("foo");
      final short[] messageId = new short[1];
      mqtt.setTracer(new Tracer() {
         @Override
         public void onReceive(MQTTFrame frame) {
            if (frame.messageType() == PUBLISH.TYPE) {
               try {
                  PUBLISH publish = new PUBLISH();
                  publish.decode(frame);
                  messageId[0] = publish.messageId();
               } catch (ProtocolException e) {
                  fail("Error decoding publish " + e.getMessage());
               }
            }
         }
      });
      final BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();
      connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic("foo", QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE)});

      publisher.publish("foo", "First Message".getBytes(), EXACTLY_ONCE);
      final Message firstMessage = connection.receive(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
      final short firstMessageId = messageId[0];

      publisher.publish("foo", "Second Message".getBytes(), EXACTLY_ONCE);
      final Message secondMessage = connection.receive(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
      final short secondMessageId = messageId[0];

      int count = 0;
      for (int i = 0; i < messages; i++) {
         String payload = "Test Message: " + i;
         publisher.publish("foo", payload.getBytes(), EXACTLY_ONCE);
         Message message = connection.receive(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         assertNotNull(message, "Should get a message + [" + i + "]");
         assertEquals(payload, new String(message.getPayload()));
         assertFalse(firstMessageId == messageId[0] || secondMessageId == messageId[0], "Message ID must not be reused until previous message acknowledgment");
         message.ack();
         count++;
      }

      firstMessage.ack();
      secondMessage.ack();

      assertEquals(messages, count);
      connection.unsubscribe(new String[]{"foo"});
      connection.disconnect();
      publisher.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testSendAndReceiveLargeMessages() throws Exception {
      byte[] payload = new byte[1024 * 32];
      for (int i = 0; i < payload.length; i++) {
         payload[i] = '2';
      }
      final MQTTClientProvider publisher = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(publisher);

      final MQTTClientProvider subscriber = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(subscriber);

      subscriber.subscribe("foo", AT_LEAST_ONCE);
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
         publisher.publish("foo", payload, AT_LEAST_ONCE);
         byte[] message = subscriber.receive(5000);
         assertNotNull(message, "Should get a message");

         assertArrayEquals(payload, message);
      }
      subscriber.disconnect();
      publisher.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testSendAndReceiveRetainedMessages() throws Exception {
      final MQTTClientProvider publisher = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(publisher);

      final MQTTClientProvider subscriber = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(subscriber);

      String RETAINED = "retained";
      publisher.publish("foo", RETAINED.getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE, true);

      List<String> messages = new ArrayList<>();
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
         messages.add("TEST MESSAGE:" + i);
      }

      subscriber.subscribe("foo", AT_LEAST_ONCE);

      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
         publisher.publish("foo", messages.get(i).getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE);
      }
      byte[] msg = subscriber.receive(5000);
      assertNotNull(msg);
      assertEquals(RETAINED, new String(msg));

      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
         msg = subscriber.receive(5000);
         assertNotNull(msg);
         assertEquals(messages.get(i), new String(msg));
      }
      subscriber.disconnect();
      publisher.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testSendAndReceiveRetainedLargeMessage() throws Exception {
      try (AssertionLoggerHandler loggerHandler = new AssertionLoggerHandler()) {
         byte[] payload = new byte[ActiveMQClient.DEFAULT_MIN_LARGE_MESSAGE_SIZE * 2];
         for (int i = 0; i < payload.length; i++) {
            payload[i] = '2';
         }
         String body = "message";

         String smallRetain = "retain";
         final MQTTClientProvider publisher = getMQTTClientProvider();
         initializeConnection(publisher);

         final MQTTClientProvider subscriber = getMQTTClientProvider();
         initializeConnection(subscriber);

         publisher.publish("foo", payload, AT_LEAST_ONCE, true);

         subscriber.subscribe("foo", AT_LEAST_ONCE);

         publisher.publish("foo", body.getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE, false);
         byte[] msg = subscriber.receive(5000);
         assertNotNull(msg);
         assertEquals(msg.length, payload.length);

         msg = subscriber.receive(5000);
         assertNotNull(msg);
         assertEquals(msg.length, body.length());

         subscriber.disconnect();

         final MQTTClientProvider subscriber2 = getMQTTClientProvider();
         initializeConnection(subscriber2);
         subscriber2.subscribe("foo", AT_LEAST_ONCE);
         msg = subscriber2.receive(5000);
         assertNotNull(msg);
         assertEquals(msg.length, payload.length);
         subscriber2.disconnect();
         publisher.publish("foo", smallRetain.getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE, true);
         final MQTTClientProvider subscriber3 = getMQTTClientProvider();
         initializeConnection(subscriber3);
         subscriber3.subscribe("foo", AT_LEAST_ONCE);
         msg = subscriber3.receive(5000);
         assertNotNull(msg);
         assertEquals(msg.length, smallRetain.getBytes().length);
         subscriber3.disconnect();
         publisher.disconnect();

         assertFalse(loggerHandler.findText("Exception"));
      }

   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(30)
   public void testValidZeroLengthClientId() throws Exception {
      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId("");
      mqtt.setCleanSession(true);

      BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();
      connection.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(120)
   public void testMQTTPathPatterns() throws Exception {
      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId("");
      mqtt.setCleanSession(true);

      BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();

      final String RETAINED = "RETAINED";
      String[] topics = {"TopicA", "/TopicA", "/", "TopicA/", "//"};
      for (String topic : topics) {
         // test retained message
         connection.publish(topic, (RETAINED + topic).getBytes(), QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, true);

         connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(topic, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)});
         Message msg = connection.receive(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
         assertNotNull(msg, "No message for " + topic);
         assertEquals(RETAINED + topic, new String(msg.getPayload()));
         msg.ack();

         // test non-retained message
         connection.publish(topic, topic.getBytes(), QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, false);
         msg = connection.receive(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         assertNotNull(msg);
         assertEquals(topic, new String(msg.getPayload()));
         msg.ack();

         connection.unsubscribe(new String[]{topic});
      }
      connection.disconnect();

      // test wildcard patterns with above topics
      String[] wildcards = {"#", "+", "+/#", "/+", "+/", "+/+", "+/+/", "+/+/+"};
      for (String wildcard : wildcards) {
         final Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(wildcard.replaceAll("/?#", "(/?.*)*").replaceAll("\\+", "[^/]*"));

         connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
         connection.connect();
         final byte[] qos = connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(wildcard, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)});
         assertNotEquals((byte) 0x80, qos[0], "Subscribe failed " + wildcard);

         // test retained messages
         Message msg = connection.receive(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
         do {
            assertNotNull(msg, "RETAINED null " + wildcard);
            String msgPayload = new String(msg.getPayload());
            assertTrue(msgPayload.startsWith(RETAINED), "RETAINED prefix " + wildcard + " msg " + msgPayload);
            assertTrue(pattern.matcher(msg.getTopic()).matches(), "RETAINED matching " + wildcard + " " + msg.getTopic());
            msg.ack();
            msg = connection.receive(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         }
         while (msg != null);

         // test non-retained message
         for (String topic : topics) {
            connection.publish(topic, topic.getBytes(), QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, false);
         }
         msg = connection.receive(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         do {
            assertNotNull(msg, "Non-retained Null " + wildcard);
            assertTrue(pattern.matcher(msg.getTopic()).matches(), "Non-retained matching " + wildcard + " " + msg.getTopic());
            msg.ack();
            msg = connection.receive(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         }
         while (msg != null);

         connection.unsubscribe(new String[]{wildcard});
         connection.disconnect();
      }
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testMQTTRetainQoS() throws Exception {
      String[] topics = {"AT_MOST_ONCE", "AT_LEAST_ONCE", "EXACTLY_ONCE"};
      for (int i = 0; i < topics.length; i++) {
         final String topic = topics[i];

         MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
         mqtt.setClientId("foo");
         mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 2);

         final int[] actualQoS = {-1};
         mqtt.setTracer(new Tracer() {
            @Override
            public void onReceive(MQTTFrame frame) {
               // validate the QoS
               if (frame.messageType() == PUBLISH.TYPE) {
                  actualQoS[0] = frame.qos().ordinal();
               }
            }
         });

         final BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
         connection.connect();
         connection.publish(topic, topic.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, true);
         connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(topic, QoS.valueOf(topic))});

         final Message msg = connection.receive(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         assertNotNull(msg);
         assertEquals(topic, new String(msg.getPayload()));

         Wait.assertEquals(i, () -> actualQoS[0]);
         msg.ack();

         connection.unsubscribe(new String[]{topic});
         connection.disconnect();
      }

   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testDuplicateSubscriptions() throws Exception {
      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId("foo");
      mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 20);

      final int[] actualQoS = {-1};
      mqtt.setTracer(new Tracer() {
         @Override
         public void onReceive(MQTTFrame frame) {
            // validate the QoS
            if (frame.messageType() == PUBLISH.TYPE) {
               actualQoS[0] = frame.qos().ordinal();
            }
         }
      });

      final BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();

      final String RETAIN = "RETAIN";
      connection.publish("TopicA", RETAIN.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, true);

      QoS[] qoss = {QoS.AT_MOST_ONCE, QoS.AT_MOST_ONCE, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE};
      for (QoS qos : qoss) {
         connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic("TopicA", qos)});

         final Message msg = connection.receive(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         assertNotNull(msg, "No message for " + qos);
         assertEquals(RETAIN, new String(msg.getPayload()));
         msg.ack();
         Wait.assertEquals(qos.ordinal(), () -> actualQoS[0]);
         actualQoS[0] = -1;
      }

      connection.unsubscribe(new String[]{"TopicA"});
      connection.disconnect();

   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(120)
   public void testRetainedMessage() throws Exception {
      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 60);

      final String RETAIN = "RETAIN";
      final String TOPICA = "TopicA";

      final String[] clientIds = {null, "foo", "durable"};
      for (String clientId : clientIds) {
         logger.debug("Testing now with Client ID: {}", clientId);

         mqtt.setClientId(clientId);
         mqtt.setCleanSession(!"durable".equals(clientId));

         BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
         connection.connect();

         // set retained message and check
         connection.publish(TOPICA, RETAIN.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, true);
         connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(TOPICA, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)});
         Message msg = connection.receive(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         assertNotNull(msg, "No retained message for " + clientId);
         assertEquals(RETAIN, new String(msg.getPayload()));
         msg.ack();
         assertNull(connection.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));

         // test duplicate subscription
         connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(TOPICA, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)});
         msg = connection.receive(15000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         assertNotNull(msg, "No retained message on duplicate subscription for " + clientId);
         assertEquals(RETAIN, new String(msg.getPayload()));
         msg.ack();
         assertNull(connection.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
         connection.unsubscribe(new String[]{TOPICA});

         // clear retained message and check that we don't receive it
         connection.publish(TOPICA, "".getBytes(), QoS.AT_MOST_ONCE, true);
         connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(TOPICA, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)});
         msg = connection.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         assertNull(msg, "Retained message not cleared for " + clientId);
         connection.unsubscribe(new String[]{TOPICA});

         // set retained message again and check
         connection.publish(TOPICA, RETAIN.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, true);
         connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(TOPICA, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)});
         msg = connection.receive(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         assertNotNull(msg, "No reset retained message for " + clientId);
         assertEquals(RETAIN, new String(msg.getPayload()));
         msg.ack();
         assertNull(connection.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));

         // re-connect and check
         connection.disconnect();
         connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
         connection.connect();
         connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(TOPICA, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)});
         msg = connection.receive(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         assertNotNull(msg, "No reset retained message for " + clientId);
         assertEquals(RETAIN, new String(msg.getPayload()));
         msg.ack();
         assertNull(connection.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));

         connection.unsubscribe(new String[]{TOPICA});
         connection.disconnect();
      }
   }

   @Disabled
   @Test
   @Timeout(120)
   public void testRetainedMessageOnVirtualTopics() throws Exception {
      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 60);

      final String RETAIN = "RETAIN";
      final String TOPICA = "VirtualTopic/TopicA";

      final String[] clientIds = {null, "foo", "durable"};
      for (String clientId : clientIds) {
         logger.debug("Testing now with Client ID: {}", clientId);

         mqtt.setClientId(clientId);
         mqtt.setCleanSession(!"durable".equals(clientId));

         BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
         connection.connect();

         // set retained message and check
         connection.publish(TOPICA, RETAIN.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, true);
         connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(TOPICA, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)});
         Message msg = connection.receive(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         assertNotNull(msg, "No retained message for " + clientId);
         assertEquals(RETAIN, new String(msg.getPayload()));
         msg.ack();
         assertNull(connection.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));

         // test duplicate subscription
         connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(TOPICA, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)});
         msg = connection.receive(15000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         assertNotNull(msg, "No retained message on duplicate subscription for " + clientId);
         assertEquals(RETAIN, new String(msg.getPayload()));
         msg.ack();
         assertNull(connection.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
         connection.unsubscribe(new String[]{TOPICA});

         // clear retained message and check that we don't receive it
         connection.publish(TOPICA, "".getBytes(), QoS.AT_MOST_ONCE, true);
         connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(TOPICA, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)});
         msg = connection.receive(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         assertNull(msg, "Retained message not cleared for " + clientId);
         connection.unsubscribe(new String[]{TOPICA});

         // set retained message again and check
         connection.publish(TOPICA, RETAIN.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, true);
         connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(TOPICA, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)});
         msg = connection.receive(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         assertNotNull(msg, "No reset retained message for " + clientId);
         assertEquals(RETAIN, new String(msg.getPayload()));
         msg.ack();
         assertNull(connection.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));

         // re-connect and check
         connection.disconnect();
         connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
         connection.connect();
         connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(TOPICA, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)});
         msg = connection.receive(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         assertNotNull(msg, "No reset retained message for " + clientId);
         assertEquals(RETAIN, new String(msg.getPayload()));
         msg.ack();
         assertNull(connection.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));

         logger.debug("Test now unsubscribing from: {} for the last time", TOPICA);
         connection.unsubscribe(new String[]{TOPICA});
         connection.disconnect();
      }
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testUniqueMessageIds() throws Exception {
      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId("foo");
      mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 2);
      mqtt.setCleanSession(true);

      final List<PUBLISH> publishList = new ArrayList<>();
      mqtt.setTracer(new Tracer() {
         @Override
         public void onReceive(MQTTFrame frame) {
            logger.debug("Client received:\n{}", frame);
            if (frame.messageType() == PUBLISH.TYPE) {
               PUBLISH publish = new PUBLISH();
               try {
                  publish.decode(frame);
               } catch (ProtocolException e) {
                  fail("Error decoding publish " + e.getMessage());
               }
               publishList.add(publish);
            }
         }

         @Override
         public void onSend(MQTTFrame frame) {
            logger.debug("Client sent:\n{}", frame);
         }
      });

      final BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();

      // create overlapping subscriptions with different QoSs
      QoS[] qoss = {QoS.AT_MOST_ONCE, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE};
      final String TOPIC = "TopicA/";

      // publish retained message
      connection.publish(TOPIC, TOPIC.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, true);

      String[] subs = {TOPIC, "TopicA/#", "TopicA/+"};
      for (int i = 0; i < qoss.length; i++) {
         connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(subs[i], qoss[i])});
      }

      // publish non-retained message
      connection.publish(TOPIC, TOPIC.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, false);
      int received = 0;

      Message msg = connection.receive(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
      do {
         assertNotNull(msg);
         assertEquals(TOPIC, new String(msg.getPayload()));
         msg.ack();
         int waitCount = 0;
         while (publishList.size() <= received && waitCount < 10) {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            waitCount++;
         }
         msg = connection.receive(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
      }
      while (msg != null && received++ < subs.length * 2);
      assertEquals(subs.length * 2, received + 1, "Unexpected number of messages");

      // make sure we received distinct ids for QoS != AT_MOST_ONCE, and 0 for
      // AT_MOST_ONCE
      for (int i = 0; i < publishList.size(); i++) {
         for (int j = i + 1; j < publishList.size(); j++) {
            final PUBLISH publish1 = publishList.get(i);
            final PUBLISH publish2 = publishList.get(j);
            boolean qos0 = false;
            if (publish1.qos() == QoS.AT_MOST_ONCE) {
               qos0 = true;
               assertEquals(0, publish1.messageId());
            }
            if (publish2.qos() == QoS.AT_MOST_ONCE) {
               qos0 = true;
               assertEquals(0, publish2.messageId());
            }
            if (!qos0) {
               assertNotEquals(publish1.messageId(), publish2.messageId());
            }
         }
      }

      connection.unsubscribe(subs);
      connection.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testResendMessageId() throws Exception {
      final MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection("resend", false);
      mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 5);

      final List<PUBLISH> publishList = new ArrayList<>();
      mqtt.setTracer(new Tracer() {
         @Override
         public void onReceive(MQTTFrame frame) {
            logger.debug("Client received:\n{}", frame);
            if (frame.messageType() == PUBLISH.TYPE) {
               PUBLISH publish = new PUBLISH();
               try {
                  publish.decode(frame);
               } catch (ProtocolException e) {
                  fail("Error decoding publish " + e.getMessage());
               }
               publishList.add(publish);
            }
         }

         @Override
         public void onSend(MQTTFrame frame) {
            logger.debug("Client sent:\n{}", frame);
         }
      });

      BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();
      final String TOPIC = "TopicA/";
      final String[] topics = new String[]{TOPIC, "TopicA/+"};
      connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(topics[0], QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE), new Topic(topics[1], QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE)});

      // publish non-retained message
      connection.publish(TOPIC, TOPIC.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, false);

      assertTrue(Wait.waitFor(() -> publishList.size() == 2, 5000));

      connection.disconnect();

      connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();

      assertTrue(Wait.waitFor(() -> publishList.size() == 4, 5000));

      // TODO Investigate if receiving the same ID for overlapping subscriptions is actually spec compliant.
      // In Artemis we send a new ID for every copy of the message.

      // make sure we received duplicate message ids
      //      assertTrue(publishList.get(0).messageId() == publishList.get(2).messageId() || publishList.get(0).messageId() == publishList.get(3).messageId());
      //      assertTrue(publishList.get(1).messageId() == publishList.get(3).messageId() || publishList.get(1).messageId() == publishList.get(2).messageId());
      //      assertTrue(publishList.get(2).dup() && publishList.get(3).dup());

      connection.unsubscribe(topics);
      connection.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(90)
   public void testPacketIdGeneratorNonCleanSession() throws Exception {
      final MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection("nonclean-packetid", false);
      mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 15);

      final Map<Short, PUBLISH> publishMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
      mqtt.setTracer(new Tracer() {
         @Override
         public void onReceive(MQTTFrame frame) {
            logger.debug("Client received:\n{}", frame);
            if (frame.messageType() == PUBLISH.TYPE) {
               PUBLISH publish = new PUBLISH();
               try {
                  publish.decode(frame);
                  logger.debug("PUBLISH {}", publish);
               } catch (ProtocolException e) {
                  fail("Error decoding publish " + e.getMessage());
               }
               if (publishMap.get(publish.messageId()) != null) {
                  assertTrue(publish.dup());
               }
               publishMap.put(publish.messageId(), publish);
            }
         }

         @Override
         public void onSend(MQTTFrame frame) {
            logger.debug("Client sent:\n{}", frame);
         }
      });

      BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();
      final String TOPIC = "TopicA/";
      connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(TOPIC, QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE)});

      // publish non-retained messages
      final int TOTAL_MESSAGES = 10;
      for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_MESSAGES; i++) {
         connection.publish(TOPIC, TOPIC.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, false);
      }

      // receive half the messages in this session
      for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_MESSAGES / 2; i++) {
         final Message msg = connection.receive(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         assertNotNull(msg);
         assertEquals(TOPIC, new String(msg.getPayload()));
         msg.ack();
      }

      connection.disconnect();
      // resume session
      connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();
      // receive rest of the messages
      Message msg = null;
      do {
         msg = connection.receive(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         if (msg != null) {
            assertEquals(TOPIC, new String(msg.getPayload()));
            msg.ack();
         }
      }
      while (msg != null);

      // make sure we received all message ids
      for (short id = 1; id <= TOTAL_MESSAGES; id++) {
         assertNotNull(publishMap.get(id), "No message for id " + id);
      }

      connection.unsubscribe(new String[]{TOPIC});
      connection.disconnect();
   }

   @Disabled
   @Test
   @Timeout(90)
   // TODO ActiveMQ 5.x does not reset the message id generator even after a clean session.  In Artemis we always reset.
   // If there is a good reason for this we should follow ActiveMQ.
   public void testPacketIdGeneratorCleanSession() throws Exception {
      final String[] cleanClientIds = new String[]{"", "clean-packetid", null};
      final Map<Short, PUBLISH> publishMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
      MQTT[] mqtts = new MQTT[cleanClientIds.length];
      for (int i = 0; i < cleanClientIds.length; i++) {
         mqtts[i] = createMQTTConnection("", true);
         mqtts[i].setKeepAlive((short) 15);

         mqtts[i].setTracer(new Tracer() {
            @Override
            public void onReceive(MQTTFrame frame) {
               logger.debug("Client received:\n{}", frame);
               if (frame.messageType() == PUBLISH.TYPE) {
                  PUBLISH publish = new PUBLISH();
                  try {
                     publish.decode(frame);
                     logger.debug("PUBLISH {}", publish);
                  } catch (ProtocolException e) {
                     fail("Error decoding publish " + e.getMessage());
                  }
                  if (publishMap.get(publish.messageId()) != null) {
                     assertTrue(publish.dup());
                  }
                  publishMap.put(publish.messageId(), publish);
               }
            }

            @Override
            public void onSend(MQTTFrame frame) {
               logger.debug("Client sent:\n{}", frame);
            }
         });
      }

      final Random random = new Random();
      for (short i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
         BlockingConnection connection = mqtts[random.nextInt(cleanClientIds.length)].blockingConnection();
         connection.connect();
         final String TOPIC = "TopicA/";
         connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(TOPIC, QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE)});

         // publish non-retained message
         connection.publish(TOPIC, TOPIC.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, false);
         Message msg = connection.receive(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         assertNotNull(msg);
         assertEquals(TOPIC, new String(msg.getPayload()));
         msg.ack();

         assertEquals(1, publishMap.size());
         final short id = (short) (i + 1);
         assertNotNull(publishMap.get(id), "No message for id " + id);
         publishMap.clear();

         connection.disconnect();
      }

   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testClientConnectionFailure() throws Exception {
      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection("reconnect", false);
      mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 1);

      final BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();
      Wait.waitFor(() -> connection.isConnected());

      final String TOPIC = "TopicA";
      final byte[] qos = connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(TOPIC, QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE)});
      assertEquals(QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE.ordinal(), qos[0]);
      connection.publish(TOPIC, TOPIC.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, false);
      // kill transport
      connection.kill();

      final BlockingConnection newConnection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      newConnection.connect();
      Wait.waitFor(() -> newConnection.isConnected());

      assertEquals(QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE.ordinal(), qos[0]);
      Message msg = newConnection.receive(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
      assertNotNull(msg);
      assertEquals(TOPIC, new String(msg.getPayload()));
      msg.ack();
      newConnection.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testClientConnectionFailureSendsWillMessage() throws Exception {
      getServer().createQueue(QueueConfiguration.of("will"));

      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection("1", false);
      mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 1);
      mqtt.setWillMessage("test message");
      mqtt.setWillTopic("will");
      mqtt.setWillQos(QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE);

      final BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();
      Wait.waitFor(() -> connection.isConnected());

      MQTT mqtt2 = createMQTTConnection("2", false);
      BlockingConnection connection2 = mqtt2.blockingConnection();
      connection2.connect();
      connection2.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic("will", QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)});

      // kill transport
      connection.kill();

      Message m = connection2.receive(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
      assertNotNull(m);
      assertEquals("test message", new String(m.getPayload()));
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testWillMessageIsRetained() throws Exception {
      getServer().createQueue(QueueConfiguration.of("will"));

      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection("1", false);
      mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 1);
      mqtt.setWillMessage("test message");
      mqtt.setWillTopic("will");
      mqtt.setWillQos(QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE);
      mqtt.setWillRetain(true);

      final BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();
      Wait.waitFor(() -> connection.isConnected());

      // kill transport
      connection.kill();

      Thread.sleep(10000);

      MQTT mqtt2 = createMQTTConnection("2", false);
      BlockingConnection connection2 = mqtt2.blockingConnection();
      connection2.connect();
      connection2.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic("will", QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)});

      Message m = connection2.receive(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
      assertNotNull(m);
      m.ack();
      assertEquals("test message", new String(m.getPayload()));
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testCleanSessionForSubscriptions() throws Exception {
      final String CLIENTID = "cleansession";
      final MQTT mqttNotClean = createMQTTConnection(CLIENTID, false);
      BlockingConnection notClean = mqttNotClean.blockingConnection();
      final String TOPIC = "TopicA";
      notClean.connect();
      notClean.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(TOPIC, QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE)});
      notClean.publish(TOPIC, TOPIC.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, false);
      notClean.disconnect();

      assertEquals(1, getSessions().size());

      // MUST receive message from existing subscription from previous not clean session
      notClean = mqttNotClean.blockingConnection();
      notClean.connect();
      Message msg = notClean.receive(10000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
      assertNotNull(msg);
      assertEquals(TOPIC, new String(msg.getPayload()));
      msg.ack();
      notClean.publish(TOPIC, TOPIC.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, false);
      notClean.disconnect();

      assertEquals(1, getSessions().size());

      // MUST NOT receive message from previous not clean session as existing subscription should be gone
      final MQTT mqttClean = createMQTTConnection(CLIENTID, true);
      final BlockingConnection clean = mqttClean.blockingConnection();
      clean.connect();
      msg = clean.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
      assertNull(msg);
      clean.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(TOPIC, QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE)});
      clean.publish(TOPIC, TOPIC.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, false);
      clean.disconnect();

      assertEquals(0, getSessions().size());

      // MUST NOT receive message from previous clean session as existing subscription should be gone
      notClean = mqttNotClean.blockingConnection();
      notClean.connect();
      msg = notClean.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
      assertNull(msg);
      notClean.disconnect();

      assertEquals(1, getSessions().size());
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testCleanSessionForMessages() throws Exception {
      final String CLIENTID = "cleansession";
      final MQTT mqttNotClean = createMQTTConnection(CLIENTID, false);
      BlockingConnection notClean = mqttNotClean.blockingConnection();
      final String TOPIC = "TopicA";
      notClean.connect();
      notClean.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(TOPIC, QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE)});
      notClean.publish(TOPIC, TOPIC.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, false);
      notClean.disconnect();

      assertEquals(1, getSessions().size());

      // MUST NOT receive message from previous not clean session even when creating a new subscription
      final MQTT mqttClean = createMQTTConnection(CLIENTID, true);
      final BlockingConnection clean = mqttClean.blockingConnection();
      clean.connect();
      clean.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(TOPIC, QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE)});
      Message msg = clean.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
      assertNull(msg);
      clean.publish(TOPIC, TOPIC.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, false);
      clean.disconnect();

      assertEquals(0, getSessions().size());
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testSendMQTTReceiveJMS() throws Exception {
      doTestSendMQTTReceiveJMS("foo.*", "foo/bar");
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testLinkRouteAmqpReceiveMQTT() throws Exception {

      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId("TestClient");
      BlockingConnection blockingConnection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      blockingConnection.connect();
      Topic t = new Topic("test", QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE);
      blockingConnection.subscribe(new Topic[]{t});

      AmqpClient client = new AmqpClient(new URI(AMQP_URI), null, null);
      AmqpConnection connection = client.connect();

      try {
         AmqpSession session = connection.createSession();
         AmqpSender sender = session.createSender("test", true);
         AmqpMessage message = new AmqpMessage();
         message.setText("Test-Message");
         sender.send(message);
         sender.close();
      } finally {
         connection.close();
      }

      try {
         blockingConnection.subscribe(new Topic[]{t});
         assertNotNull(blockingConnection.receive(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
      } finally {
         blockingConnection.kill();
      }
   }

   public void doTestSendMQTTReceiveJMS(String jmsTopicAddress, String mqttAddress) throws Exception {
      final MQTTClientProvider provider = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(provider);

      // send retained message
      final String address = mqttAddress;
      final String RETAINED = "RETAINED";

      final byte[] payload = RETAINED.getBytes();

      Connection connection = cf.createConnection();
      // MUST set to true to receive retained messages
      connection.start();

      Session s = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
      javax.jms.Topic jmsTopic = s.createTopic(jmsTopicAddress);
      MessageConsumer consumer = s.createConsumer(jmsTopic);

      provider.publish(address, RETAINED.getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE, true);

      // check whether we received retained message on JMS subscribe
      BytesMessage message = (BytesMessage) consumer.receive(5000);
      assertNotNull(message, "Should get retained message");

      byte[] b = new byte[8];
      message.readBytes(b);
      assertArrayEquals(payload, b);

      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_MESSAGES; i++) {
         String p = "Test Message: " + i;
         provider.publish(address, p.getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE);
         message = (BytesMessage) consumer.receive(5000);
         assertNotNull(message, "Should get a message");

         byte[] bytePayload = new byte[p.getBytes().length];
         message.readBytes(bytePayload);
         assertArrayEquals(payload, b);
      }

      connection.close();
      provider.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(120)
   public void testSendJMSReceiveMQTT() throws Exception {
      doTestSendJMSReceiveMQTT("foo.far");
   }

   public void doTestSendJMSReceiveMQTT(String destinationName) throws Exception {
      final MQTTClientProvider provider = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(provider);
      provider.subscribe("foo/+", AT_MOST_ONCE);

      Connection connection = cf.createConnection();
      connection.start();

      Session s = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
      javax.jms.Topic topic = s.createTopic(destinationName);
      MessageProducer producer = s.createProducer(topic);

      // send retained message from JMS
      final byte[] bytes = new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};
      BytesMessage bytesMessage = s.createBytesMessage();
      bytesMessage.writeBytes(bytes);
      producer.send(bytesMessage);

      byte[] message = provider.receive(10000);
      assertNotNull(message, "Should get retained message");
      assertArrayEquals(bytes, message);

      provider.disconnect();
      connection.close();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testPingKeepsInactivityMonitorAlive() throws Exception {
      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId("foo");
      mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 2);
      final BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();

      assertTrue(Wait.waitFor(() -> connection.isConnected()), "KeepAlive didn't work properly");

      connection.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testTurnOffInactivityMonitor() throws Exception {
      stopBroker();
      protocolConfig = "transport.useInactivityMonitor=false";
      startBroker();

      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId("foo3");
      mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 2);
      final BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();

      assertTrue(Wait.waitFor(() -> connection.isConnected()), "KeepAlive didn't work properly");

      connection.disconnect();
   }

   @Disabled
   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   // TODO Make dollar topics configurable in code base.
   public void testPublishDollarTopics() throws Exception {
      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      final String clientId = "publishDollar";
      mqtt.setClientId(clientId);
      mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 2);
      BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();

      final String DOLLAR_TOPIC = "$TopicA";
      connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(DOLLAR_TOPIC, QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE)});
      connection.publish(DOLLAR_TOPIC, DOLLAR_TOPIC.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, true);

      Message message = connection.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
      assertNull(message, "Publish enabled for $ Topics by default");
      connection.disconnect();

      stopBroker();
      protocolConfig = "transport.publishDollarTopics=true";
      startBroker();

      mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId(clientId);
      mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 2);
      connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();

      connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic(DOLLAR_TOPIC, QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE)});
      connection.publish(DOLLAR_TOPIC, DOLLAR_TOPIC.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, true);

      message = connection.receive(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
      assertNotNull(message);
      message.ack();
      assertEquals(DOLLAR_TOPIC, new String(message.getPayload()), "Message body");

      connection.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testDuplicateClientId() throws Exception {
      final String clientId = "duplicateClient";
      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection(clientId, false);
      mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 2);
      final BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();
      final String TOPICA = "TopicA";
      connection.publish(TOPICA, TOPICA.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, true);

      MQTT mqtt1 = createMQTTConnection(clientId, false);
      mqtt1.setKeepAlive((short) 2);
      final BlockingConnection connection1 = mqtt1.blockingConnection();
      connection1.connect();

      assertTrue(Wait.waitFor(() -> connection1.isConnected()), "Duplicate client disconnected");

      assertTrue(Wait.waitFor(() -> !connection.isConnected()), "Old client still connected");

      connection1.publish(TOPICA, TOPICA.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, true);
      connection1.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testRepeatedLinkStealing() throws Exception {
      final String clientId = "duplicateClient";
      final AtomicReference<BlockingConnection> oldConnection = new AtomicReference<>();
      final String TOPICA = "TopicA";

      for (int i = 1; i <= 10; ++i) {

         logger.debug("Creating MQTT Connection {}", i);

         MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection(clientId, false);
         mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 2);
         final BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
         connection.connect();
         connection.publish(TOPICA, TOPICA.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, true);

         assertTrue(Wait.waitFor(() -> connection.isConnected(), 3000, 200), "Client connect failed for attempt: " + i);

         if (oldConnection.get() != null) {
            assertTrue(Wait.waitFor(() -> !oldConnection.get().isConnected(), 3000, 200), "Old client still connected on attempt: " + i);
         }

         oldConnection.set(connection);
      }

      oldConnection.get().publish(TOPICA, TOPICA.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, true);
      oldConnection.get().disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(30)
   public void testJmsMapping() throws Exception {
      doTestJmsMapping("test.foo");
   }

   // TODO As with other tests, this should be enabled as part of the cross protocol support with MQTT.
   public void doTestJmsMapping(String destinationName) throws Exception {
      // start up jms consumer
      Connection jmsConn = cf.createConnection();
      Session session = jmsConn.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
      Destination dest = session.createQueue(destinationName);
      MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(dest);
      jmsConn.start();

      // set up mqtt producer
      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId("foo3");
      mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 2);
      final BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();

      int messagesToSend = 5;

      // publish
      for (int i = 0; i < messagesToSend; ++i) {
         connection.publish("test/foo", "hello world".getBytes(), QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, false);
      }

      connection.disconnect();

      for (int i = 0; i < messagesToSend; i++) {

         javax.jms.Message message = consumer.receive(2 * 1000);
         assertNotNull(message);
         assertTrue(message instanceof BytesMessage);
         BytesMessage bytesMessage = (BytesMessage) message;

         int length = (int) bytesMessage.getBodyLength();
         byte[] buffer = new byte[length];
         bytesMessage.readBytes(buffer);
         assertEquals("hello world", new String(buffer));
      }

      jmsConn.close();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(30)
   public void testSubscribeMultipleTopics() throws Exception {

      byte[] payload = new byte[1024 * 32];
      for (int i = 0; i < payload.length; i++) {
         payload[i] = '2';
      }

      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId("MQTT-Client");
      mqtt.setCleanSession(false);

      final BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();

      Topic[] topics = {new Topic("Topic/A", QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE), new Topic("Topic/B", QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE)};
      Topic[] wildcardTopic = {new Topic("Topic/#", QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)};
      connection.subscribe(wildcardTopic);

      for (Topic topic : topics) {
         connection.publish(topic.name().toString(), payload, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, false);
      }

      int received = 0;
      for (int i = 0; i < topics.length; ++i) {
         Message message = connection.receive();
         assertNotNull(message);
         received++;
         payload = message.getPayload();
         String messageContent = new String(payload);
         logger.debug("Received message from topic: {} Message content: {}", message.getTopic(), messageContent);
         message.ack();
      }

      assertEquals(topics.length, received, "Should have received " + topics.length + " messages");
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testReceiveMessageSentWhileOffline() throws Exception {
      final byte[] payload = new byte[1024 * 32];
      for (int i = 0; i < payload.length; i++) {
         payload[i] = '2';
      }

      int numberOfRuns = 100;
      int messagesPerRun = 2;

      final MQTT mqttPub = createMQTTConnection("MQTT-Pub-Client", true);
      final MQTT mqttSub = createMQTTConnection("MQTT-Sub-Client", false);

      final BlockingConnection connectionPub = mqttPub.blockingConnection();
      connectionPub.connect();

      BlockingConnection connectionSub = mqttSub.blockingConnection();
      connectionSub.connect();

      Topic[] topics = {new Topic("TopicA", QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE)};
      connectionSub.subscribe(topics);

      for (int i = 0; i < messagesPerRun; ++i) {
         connectionPub.publish(topics[0].name().toString(), payload, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, false);
      }

      int received = 0;
      for (int i = 0; i < messagesPerRun; ++i) {
         Message message = connectionSub.receive(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
         assertNotNull(message);
         received++;
         assertTrue(Arrays.equals(payload, message.getPayload()));
         message.ack();
      }
      connectionSub.disconnect();

      for (int j = 0; j < numberOfRuns; j++) {

         for (int i = 0; i < messagesPerRun; ++i) {
            connectionPub.publish(topics[0].name().toString(), payload, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, false);
         }

         connectionSub = mqttSub.blockingConnection();
         connectionSub.connect();
         connectionSub.subscribe(topics);

         for (int i = 0; i < messagesPerRun; ++i) {
            Message message = connectionSub.receive(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            assertNotNull(message);
            received++;
            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(payload, message.getPayload()));
            message.ack();
         }
         connectionSub.disconnect();
      }
      assertEquals((messagesPerRun * (numberOfRuns + 1)), received, "Should have received " + (messagesPerRun * (numberOfRuns + 1)) + " messages");
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testDefaultSessionExpiryInterval() throws Exception {
      final MQTT mqttSub = createMQTTConnection("MQTT-Sub-Client", false);

      BlockingConnection connectionSub = mqttSub.blockingConnection();
      connectionSub.connect();

      assertEquals(1, getSessions().size());

      Topic[] topics = {new Topic("TopicA", QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE)};
      connectionSub.subscribe(topics);
      connectionSub.disconnect();

      // session shouldn't expire by default
      Wait.assertEquals(1, () -> getSessions().size(), 10000, 100);
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(30)
   public void testDefaultKeepAliveWhenClientSpecifiesZero() throws Exception {
      stopBroker();
      protocolConfig = "transport.defaultKeepAlive=2000";
      startBroker();

      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId("foo");
      mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 0);
      final BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();

      assertTrue(Wait.waitFor(() -> connection.isConnected()), "KeepAlive didn't work properly");
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testReuseConnection() throws Exception {
      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId("Test-Client");

      {
         BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
         connection.connect();
         connection.disconnect();
         Thread.sleep(100);
      }
      {
         BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
         connection.connect();
         connection.disconnect();
         Thread.sleep(100);
      }
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testNoMessageReceivedAfterUnsubscribeMQTT() throws Exception {
      Topic[] topics = {new Topic("TopicA", QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE)};

      MQTT mqttPub = createMQTTConnection("MQTTPub-Client", true);
      // mqttPub.setVersion("3.1.1");

      MQTT mqttSub = createMQTTConnection("MQTTSub-Client", false);
      // mqttSub.setVersion("3.1.1");

      BlockingConnection connectionPub = mqttPub.blockingConnection();
      connectionPub.connect();

      BlockingConnection connectionSub = mqttSub.blockingConnection();
      connectionSub.connect();
      connectionSub.subscribe(topics);
      connectionSub.disconnect();

      for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
         String payload = "Message " + i;
         connectionPub.publish(topics[0].name().toString(), payload.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, false);
      }

      connectionSub = mqttSub.blockingConnection();
      connectionSub.connect();

      int received = 0;
      for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
         Message message = connectionSub.receive(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
         assertNotNull(message, "Missing message " + i);
         logger.debug("Message is {}", new String(message.getPayload()));
         received++;
         message.ack();
      }
      assertEquals(5, received);

      // unsubscribe from topic
      connectionSub.unsubscribe(new String[]{"TopicA"});

      // send more messages
      for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
         String payload = "Message " + i;
         connectionPub.publish(topics[0].name().toString(), payload.getBytes(), QoS.EXACTLY_ONCE, false);
      }

      // these should not be received
      assertNull(connectionSub.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));

      connectionSub.disconnect();
      connectionPub.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testMQTT311Connection() throws Exception {
      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId("foo");
      mqtt.setVersion("3.1.1");
      final BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();
      connection.disconnect();
   }

   // TODO This should be reworked to align with Artemis recovery.
   //   @Test(timeout = 60 * 1000)
   //   public void testActiveMQRecoveryPolicy() throws Exception {
   //      // test with ActiveMQ LastImageSubscriptionRecoveryPolicy
   //      final PolicyMap policyMap = new PolicyMap();
   //      final PolicyEntry policyEntry = new PolicyEntry();
   //      policyEntry.setSubscriptionRecoveryPolicy(new LastImageSubscriptionRecoveryPolicy());
   //      policyMap.put(new ActiveMQTopic(">"), policyEntry);
   //      brokerService.setDestinationPolicy(policyMap);
   //
   //      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection("pub-sub", true);
   //      final int[] retain = new int[1];
   //      final int[] nonretain  = new int[1];
   //      mqtt.setTracer(new Tracer() {
   //         @Override
   //         public void onReceive(MQTTFrame frame) {
   //            if (frame.messageType() == PUBLISH.TYPE) {
   //               logger.debug("Received message with retain={}", frame.retain());
   //               if (frame.retain()) {
   //                  retain[0]++;
   //               } else {
   //                  nonretain[0]++;
   //               }
   //            }
   //         }
   //      });
   //
   //      BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
   //      connection.connect();
   //      final String RETAINED = "RETAINED";
   //      connection.publish("one", RETAINED.getBytes(), QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, true);
   //      connection.publish("two", RETAINED.getBytes(), QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, true);
   //
   //      final String NONRETAINED = "NONRETAINED";
   //      connection.publish("one", NONRETAINED.getBytes(), QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, false);
   //      connection.publish("two", NONRETAINED.getBytes(), QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, false);
   //
   //      connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic("#", QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)});
   //      for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
   //         final Message message = connection.receive(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
   //         assertNotNull("Should receive 4 messages", message);
   //         message.ack();
   //      }
   //      assertEquals("Should receive 2 retained messages", 2, retain[0]);
   //      assertEquals("Should receive 2 non-retained messages", 2, nonretain[0]);
   //   }

   // TODO As with other tests, this should be enabled as part of the cross protocol support with MQTT.
   //   @Test(timeout = 60 * 1000)
   //   public void testSendMQTTReceiveJMSVirtualTopic() throws Exception {
   //
   //      final MQTTClientProvider provider = getMQTTClientProvider();
   //      initializeConnection(provider);
   //      final String DESTINATION_NAME = "Consumer.jms.VirtualTopic.TopicA";
   //
   //      // send retained message
   //      final String RETAINED = "RETAINED";
   //      final String MQTT_DESTINATION_NAME = "VirtualTopic/TopicA";
   //      provider.publish(MQTT_DESTINATION_NAME, RETAINED.getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE, true);
   //
   //      ActiveMQConnection activeMQConnection = (ActiveMQConnection) new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(jmsUri).createConnection();
   //      // MUST set to true to receive retained messages
   //      activeMQConnection.setUseRetroactiveConsumer(true);
   //      activeMQConnection.start();
   //      Session s = activeMQConnection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
   //      Queue jmsQueue = s.createQueue(DESTINATION_NAME);
   //      MessageConsumer consumer = s.createConsumer(jmsQueue);
   //
   //      // check whether we received retained message on JMS subscribe
   //      ActiveMQMessage message = (ActiveMQMessage) consumer.receive(5000);
   //      assertNotNull("Should get retained message", message);
   //      ByteSequence bs = message.getContent();
   //      assertEquals(RETAINED, new String(bs.data, bs.offset, bs.length));
   //      assertTrue(message.getBooleanProperty(RetainedMessageSubscriptionRecoveryPolicy.RETAINED_PROPERTY));
   //
   //      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_MESSAGES; i++) {
   //         String payload = "Test Message: " + i;
   //         provider.publish(MQTT_DESTINATION_NAME, payload.getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE);
   //         message = (ActiveMQMessage) consumer.receive(5000);
   //         assertNotNull("Should get a message", message);
   //         bs = message.getContent();
   //         assertEquals(payload, new String(bs.data, bs.offset, bs.length));
   //      }
   //
   //      // re-create consumer and check we received retained message again
   //      consumer.close();
   //      consumer = s.createConsumer(jmsQueue);
   //      message = (ActiveMQMessage) consumer.receive(5000);
   //      assertNotNull("Should get retained message", message);
   //      bs = message.getContent();
   //      assertEquals(RETAINED, new String(bs.data, bs.offset, bs.length));
   //      assertTrue(message.getBooleanProperty(RetainedMessageSubscriptionRecoveryPolicy.RETAINED_PROPERTY));
   //
   //      activeMQConnection.close();
   //      provider.disconnect();
   //   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testPingOnMQTT() throws Exception {
      stopBroker();
      protocolConfig = "maxInactivityDuration=-1";
      startBroker();

      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId("test-mqtt");
      mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 2);
      final BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection.connect();
      assertTrue(Wait.waitFor(() -> connection.isConnected()), "KeepAlive didn't work properly");

      connection.disconnect();
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testClientDisconnectedOnMaxConsumerLimitReached() throws Exception {
      Exception peerDisconnectedException = null;
      try {
         String clientId = "test.client";
         String coreAddress = MQTTUtil.getCoreAddressFromMqttTopic("foo/bar", server.getConfiguration().getWildcardConfiguration());
         Topic[] mqttSubscription = new Topic[]{new Topic("foo/bar", QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)};

         getServer().createQueue(QueueConfiguration.of(MQTTUtil.getCoreQueueFromMqttTopic("foo/bar", clientId, server.getConfiguration().getWildcardConfiguration())).setAddress(coreAddress).setRoutingType(RoutingType.MULTICAST).setDurable(false).setTemporary(true).setMaxConsumers(0));

         MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
         mqtt.setClientId(clientId);
         mqtt.setKeepAlive((short) 2);
         final BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
         connection.connect();
         connection.subscribe(mqttSubscription);
      } catch (EOFException e) {
         peerDisconnectedException = e;
      }
      assertNotNull(peerDisconnectedException);
      assertTrue(peerDisconnectedException.getMessage().contains("Peer disconnected"));
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testAnycastPrefixWorksWithMQTT() throws Exception {
      String clientId = "testMqtt";

      String anycastAddress = "anycast:foo/bar";
      String sendAddress = "foo/bar";
      Topic[] mqttSubscription = new Topic[]{new Topic(anycastAddress, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)};

      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId(clientId);
      BlockingConnection connection1 = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection1.connect();
      connection1.subscribe(mqttSubscription);

      MQTT mqtt2 = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt2.setClientId(clientId + "2");
      BlockingConnection connection2 = mqtt2.blockingConnection();
      connection2.connect();
      connection2.subscribe(mqttSubscription);

      String message1 = "TestMessage1";
      String message2 = "TestMessage2";

      connection1.publish(sendAddress, message1.getBytes(), QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, false);
      connection2.publish(sendAddress, message2.getBytes(), QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, false);

      assertNotNull(connection1.receive(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
      assertNull(connection1.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));

      assertNotNull(connection2.receive(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
      assertNull(connection2.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testAnycastAddressWorksWithMQTT() throws Exception {
      String anycastAddress = "foo/bar";

      getServer().addAddressInfo(new AddressInfo(SimpleString.of("foo.bar"), RoutingType.ANYCAST));
      String clientId = "testMqtt";

      Topic[] mqttSubscription = new Topic[]{new Topic(anycastAddress, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)};

      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId(clientId);
      BlockingConnection connection1 = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection1.connect();
      connection1.subscribe(mqttSubscription);

      MQTT mqtt2 = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt2.setClientId(clientId + "2");
      BlockingConnection connection2 = mqtt2.blockingConnection();
      connection2.connect();
      connection2.subscribe(mqttSubscription);

      String message1 = "TestMessage1";
      String message2 = "TestMessage2";

      connection1.publish(anycastAddress, message1.getBytes(), QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, false);
      connection2.publish(anycastAddress, message2.getBytes(), QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, false);

      assertNotNull(connection1.receive(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
      assertNull(connection1.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));

      assertNotNull(connection2.receive(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
      assertNull(connection2.receive(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testAmbiguousRoutingWithMQTT() throws Exception {
      String anycastAddress = "foo/bar";

      EnumSet<RoutingType> routingTypeSet = EnumSet.of(RoutingType.ANYCAST, RoutingType.MULTICAST);

      getServer().addAddressInfo(new AddressInfo(SimpleString.of("foo.bar"), routingTypeSet));
      String clientId = "testMqtt";

      Topic[] mqttSubscription = new Topic[]{new Topic(anycastAddress, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)};

      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId(clientId);
      BlockingConnection connection1 = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection1.connect();
      connection1.subscribe(mqttSubscription);

      MQTT mqtt2 = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt2.setClientId(clientId + "2");
      BlockingConnection connection2 = mqtt2.blockingConnection();
      connection2.connect();
      connection2.subscribe(mqttSubscription);

      String message1 = "TestMessage1";
      String message2 = "TestMessage2";

      connection1.publish(anycastAddress, message1.getBytes(), QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, false);
      connection2.publish(anycastAddress, message2.getBytes(), QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, false);

      assertNotNull(connection1.receive(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
      assertNotNull(connection1.receive(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));

      assertNotNull(connection2.receive(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
      assertNotNull(connection2.receive(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
   }

   @Test
   public void testRetainedMessagesAreCorrectlyFormedAfterRestart() throws Exception {
      String clientId = "testMqtt";
      String address = "testAddress";
      String payload = "This is a test message";

      // Create address
      getServer().addAddressInfo(new AddressInfo(SimpleString.of(address), RoutingType.MULTICAST));

      // Send MQTT Retain Message
      Topic[] mqttTopic = new Topic[]{new Topic(address, QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE)};

      MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt.setClientId(clientId);
      BlockingConnection connection1 = mqtt.blockingConnection();
      connection1.connect();
      connection1.publish(address, payload.getBytes(), QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, true);

      getServer().fail(false);
      getServer().start();
      waitForServerToStart(getServer());

      MQTT mqtt2 = createMQTTConnection();
      mqtt2.setClientId(clientId + "2");
      BlockingConnection connection2 = mqtt2.blockingConnection();
      connection2.connect();
      connection2.subscribe(mqttTopic);

      Message message = connection2.receive(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
      assertEquals(payload, new String(message.getPayload()));
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testBrokerRestartAfterSubHashWithConfigurationQueues() throws Exception {

      // Add some pre configured queues
      CoreAddressConfiguration coreAddressConfiguration = new CoreAddressConfiguration();
      coreAddressConfiguration.setName("DLA");
      coreAddressConfiguration.addRoutingType(RoutingType.ANYCAST);
      coreAddressConfiguration.addQueueConfiguration(QueueConfiguration.of("DLQ")
                                                        .setAddress("DLA")
                                                        .setRoutingType(RoutingType.ANYCAST));

      getServer().getConfiguration().getAddressConfigurations().add(coreAddressConfiguration);

      getServer().stop();
      getServer().start();
      getServer().waitForActivation(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
         MQTT mqtt = createMQTTConnection("myClient", false);
         BlockingConnection connection = mqtt.blockingConnection();
         connection.connect();
         connection.subscribe(new Topic[]{new Topic("#", QoS.AT_MOST_ONCE)});
         connection.disconnect();

         getServer().stop();
         getServer().start();
         getServer().waitForActivation(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
      }

   }

   @Test
   public void testDoubleBroker() throws Exception {
      /*
       * Start two embedded server instances for MQTT and connect to them
       * with the same MQTT client id. As those are two different instances
       * connecting to them with the same client ID must succeed.
       */

      final int port1 = 1884;
      final int port2 = 1885;

      final Configuration cfg1 = createDefaultConfig(1, false);
      cfg1.setResolveProtocols(true).addAcceptorConfiguration("mqtt1", "tcp://localhost:" + port1 + "?protocols=MQTT");

      final Configuration cfg2 = createDefaultConfig(2, false);
      cfg2.setResolveProtocols(true).addAcceptorConfiguration("mqtt2", "tcp://localhost:" + port2 + "?protocols=MQTT");

      final ActiveMQServer server1 = createServer(cfg1);
      server1.start();
      final ActiveMQServer server2 = createServer(cfg2);
      server2.start();

      final String clientId = "client1";
      final MQTT mqtt1 = createMQTTConnection(clientId, true);
      final MQTT mqtt2 = createMQTTConnection(clientId, true);

      mqtt1.setHost("localhost", port1);
      mqtt2.setHost("localhost", port2);

      final BlockingConnection connection1 = mqtt1.blockingConnection();
      final BlockingConnection connection2 = mqtt2.blockingConnection();

      try {
         connection1.connect();
         connection2.connect();
      } catch (Exception e) {
         fail("Connections should have worked.");
      } finally {
         if (connection1.isConnected())
            connection1.disconnect();
         if (connection2.isConnected())
            connection2.disconnect();
      }
   }

   @Test
   public void autoDestroyAddress() throws Exception {
      AddressSettings addressSettings = new AddressSettings();
      addressSettings.setAutoDeleteAddresses(true);
      server.getAddressSettingsRepository().addMatch("foo.bar", addressSettings);

      final MQTTClientProvider subscriptionProvider = getMQTTClientProvider();
      initializeConnection(subscriptionProvider);
      subscriptionProvider.subscribe("foo/bar", AT_MOST_ONCE);
      assertNotNull(server.getAddressInfo(SimpleString.of("foo.bar")));

      subscriptionProvider.disconnect();

      Wait.assertTrue(() -> server.getAddressInfo(SimpleString.of("foo.bar")) == null);
   }

   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testAutoDeleteRetainedQueue() throws Exception {
      final String TOPIC = "/abc/123";
      final String RETAINED_QUEUE = MQTTUtil.getCoreRetainAddressFromMqttTopic(TOPIC, server.getConfiguration().getWildcardConfiguration());
      final MQTTClientProvider publisher = getMQTTClientProvider();
      final MQTTClientProvider subscriber = getMQTTClientProvider();

      server.getAddressSettingsRepository().addMatch(MQTTUtil.getCoreAddressFromMqttTopic("#", server.getConfiguration().getWildcardConfiguration()), new AddressSettings().setExpiryDelay(500L).setAutoDeleteQueues(true).setAutoDeleteAddresses(true));

      initializeConnection(publisher);
      initializeConnection(subscriber);

      String RETAINED = "retained";
      publisher.publish(TOPIC, RETAINED.getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE, true);

      List<String> messages = new ArrayList<>();
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
         messages.add("TEST MESSAGE:" + i);
      }

      subscriber.subscribe(TOPIC, AT_LEAST_ONCE);

      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
         publisher.publish(TOPIC, messages.get(i).getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE);
      }

      byte[] msg = subscriber.receive(5000);
      assertNotNull(msg);
      assertEquals(RETAINED, new String(msg));

      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
         msg = subscriber.receive(5000);
         assertNotNull(msg);
         assertEquals(messages.get(i), new String(msg));
      }

      subscriber.disconnect();
      publisher.disconnect();

      Wait.assertTrue(() -> server.locateQueue(RETAINED_QUEUE).getMessageCount() == 0, 2000, 50);
      Wait.assertTrue(() -> server.locateQueue(RETAINED_QUEUE) == null, 2000, 50);

      // now that we auto-deleted do it again to ensure it is recreated and auto-deleted properly

      initializeConnection(publisher);
      initializeConnection(subscriber);

      publisher.publish(TOPIC, RETAINED.getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE, true);

      subscriber.subscribe(TOPIC, AT_LEAST_ONCE);

      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
         publisher.publish(TOPIC, messages.get(i).getBytes(), AT_LEAST_ONCE);
      }

      msg = subscriber.receive(5000);
      assertNotNull(msg);
      assertEquals(RETAINED, new String(msg));

      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
         msg = subscriber.receive(5000);
         assertNotNull(msg);
         assertEquals(messages.get(i), new String(msg));
      }

      subscriber.disconnect();
      publisher.disconnect();

      Wait.assertTrue(() -> server.locateQueue(RETAINED_QUEUE).getMessageCount() == 0, 3000, 50);
      Wait.assertTrue(() -> server.locateQueue(RETAINED_QUEUE) == null, 3000, 50);
   }

   /*
    * [MQTT-3.3.1-9] When sending a PUBLISH Packet to a Client the Server...MUST set the RETAIN flag to 0 when a PUBLISH
    * Packet is sent to a Client because it matches an *established* subscription regardless of how the flag was set in
    * the message it received.
    */
   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testRetainFlagOnEstablishedSubscription() throws Exception {
      CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
      final String topic = getTopicName();

      MqttClient subscriber = createPaho3_1_1Client("subscriber");
      subscriber.setCallback(new DefaultMqtt3Callback() {
         @Override
         public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage message) throws Exception {
            if (!message.isRetained()) {
               latch.countDown();
            }
         }
      });
      subscriber.connect();
      subscriber.subscribe(topic, 1);

      MqttClient publisher = createPaho3_1_1Client("publisher");
      publisher.connect();
      publisher.publish(topic, "retained".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), 1, true);
      publisher.disconnect();
      publisher.close();

      assertTrue(latch.await(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS), "Did not receive expected message within timeout");

      subscriber.disconnect();
      subscriber.close();
   }

   /*
    * [MQTT-3.3.1-8] When sending a PUBLISH Packet to a Client the Server MUST set the RETAIN flag to 1 if a message is
    * sent as a result of a new subscription being made by a Client.
    */
   @Test
   @Timeout(60)
   public void testRetainFlagOnNewSubscription() throws Exception {
      CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
      final String topic = getTopicName();

      MqttClient publisher = createPaho3_1_1Client("publisher");
      publisher.connect();
      publisher.publish(topic, "retained".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), 1, true);
      publisher.disconnect();
      publisher.close();

      MqttClient subscriber = createPaho3_1_1Client("subscriber");
      subscriber.setCallback(new DefaultMqtt3Callback() {
         @Override
         public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage message) throws Exception {
            if (message.isRetained()) {
               latch.countDown();
            }
         }
      });
      subscriber.connect();
      subscriber.subscribe(topic, 1);

      assertTrue(latch.await(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS), "Did not receive expected message within timeout");

      subscriber.disconnect();
      subscriber.close();
   }
}
